What Are Hemorrhoids? Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Understanding Hemorrhoids: What They Are and Why They Happen

Hemorrhoids, commonly referred to as "piles," are swollen veins in the lower rectum and anus that can cause discomfort, itching, and even bleeding. Though they affect millions of people worldwide, they remain a widely misunderstood condition.

While hemorrhoids are rarely dangerous, they can significantly impact quality of life. Knowing what they are, what causes them, and how to treat them is key to preventing flare-ups and finding relief.

What Are Hemorrhoids? A Closer Look

The rectal area naturally contains vascular structures that help regulate stool control. However, when these veins become inflamed or swollen, they turn into hemorrhoids.

Internal Hemorrhoids – Develop inside the rectum, usually painless but may cause bleeding.
External Hemorrhoids – Form under the skin around the anus, often itchy and painful.
Thrombosed Hemorrhoids – Occur when a blood clot forms inside an external hemorrhoid, leading to severe pain and swelling.

According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK):

1 in 20 Americans suffers from hemorrhoids each year.
Nearly 50% of adults over 50 will experience hemorrhoids at some point.

"I always assumed discomfort down there was just part of life. I didn’t realize there was a clear difference between normal and hemorrhoidal veins." — Steve, 45

What Causes Hemorrhoids? Understanding the Risk Factors

Hemorrhoids develop when pressure increases in the lower rectum, causing veins to swell. Several factors contribute to this increased pressure:

1. Chronic Straining & Constipation

Low-fiber diets and dehydration lead to harder stools, making bowel movements more difficult.
Straining increases pressure in the rectal veins, a leading cause of hemorrhoids.
People with frequent constipation are up to 30-40% more likely to develop hemorrhoids. (Source: American Journal of Gastroenterology)

2. Prolonged Sitting (Sedentary Lifestyle)

Sitting for long periods restricts blood flow, increasing pressure in rectal veins.
Office workers, truck drivers, and frequent travelers are particularly at risk.
Studies show that sedentary individuals have a 30% higher chance of developing hemorrhoids.

3. Pregnancy & Childbirth

Increased pressure from a growing uterus and hormonal changes contribute to hemorrhoids.
Up to 40% of pregnant women experience hemorrhoids, which may worsen during delivery.

4. Heavy Lifting & Strenuous Exercise

Lifting heavy weights incorrectly can cause excessive strain on abdominal muscles, increasing rectal pressure.
Bodybuilders and athletes who frequently strain are at higher risk.

5. Aging & Genetic Factors

As we age, connective tissue weakens, making hemorrhoidal veins more susceptible to swelling.
Family history plays a role, with up to 70% of cases linked to hereditary factors.

How to Prevent & Manage Hemorrhoids

While hemorrhoids can be painful and frustrating, there are several effective ways to prevent and manage them:

✅ Increase Fiber Intake – Aim for 25-30g of fiber per day to promote healthy digestion.
✅ Stay Hydrated – Drink plenty of water to prevent constipation.
✅ Exercise Regularly – Physical activity improves circulation and digestion.
✅ Take Breaks from Sitting – Stand and move around every 30-60 minutes.
✅ Use Proper Lifting Techniques – Avoid excessive strain when exercising.
✅ Practice Good Bathroom Habits – Don’t delay bowel movements or strain unnecessarily.